PCR, qPCR, & DNA Amplification

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid and inexpensive in vitro technique used to amplify copies of small segments of DNA, producing billions of DNA copies quickly and efficiently. Since its introduction in the 1980’s by Kary Mullis, it has significantly contributed to various innovations in molecular biology, biotechnology, and biopharmaceuticals, resulting in the development of numerous technologies.

PCR equipment and various symbols next to it
A game that looks similar to Tetris. It represents dNTP, a biomolecule used to build nucleic acid.
Deoxynucleotide Triphosphates (dNTP): Definition & Overview

What Is dNTP? Nucleoside triphosphate is a biomolecule involved in building nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Structurally, they contain nitrogenous bases bound to a ribose sugar and three phosphates. And,...

Four cogs inside a machine. One cog is blue. A red line runs through the center of the drawing.
What Is Deoxyguanosine Triphosphate (dGTP)?

What is dGTP? Deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) is a nucleotide with a purine base (guanine), deoxyribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. It’s one of the four dNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphate) ...

Four test tubes in a row. Each test tube has different liquid and sedimentation inside.
PCR Master Mix: Definition, Types, & More

What is a Real-time PCR Master Mix? PCR master mix, as the name suggests, is a premixed solution of all reagents and essential components required to run a PCR assay. It contains dNTPs (dATP, dGTP, dT...

A row of rain falling down on an umbrella.
What Is the Role of MgCl2 in PCR Amplification Reactions?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Basics Did you know Mullis and Michael Smith won the Nobel Prize for discovering the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in 1983? This groundbreaking technology-enabled sci...

A textbook with pages of formulas. A few of the formulas are highlighted.
What Is dCTP? Definition & Use Cases

What is Deoxycytidine Triphosphate (dCTP)? 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate (or dCTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate (a nucleotide), containing cytosine as its pyrimidine base. It also...

A puzzle that forms the shape of a DNA strand. Two pieces of the puzzle have been pulled out.
What Is Deoxythymidine Triphosphate (dTTP)?

What is dTTP? 2′-deoxythymidine 5′-triphosphate (or dTTP) is one of the nucleotide bases among three other dNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphate)—dATP, dGTP, and dCTP—that are involved in th...